Space Exploration and Defense: Revisiting the Outer Space Treaty for Modern Realities

The age of discovery parallels today's space exploration era, where military and civilian roles blend to navigate unknown territories. Just as Spanish Conquistadors protected explorers like Columbus, and eventually, the British deployed troops to protect the American colonies, the U.S. Space Force now combines defense with exploration, securing national interests in a largely unknown domain. This convergence raises questions about reconciling with the 1967 Outer Space Treaty (OST), which mandates the peaceful use of space.

According to a recent article in the UK Sun, the U.S. is preparing for a potential “space war” against Russia and China. While Lt. Gen. David N. Miller of the U.S. Space Force emphasized readiness amid growing threats, the broader context raises questions about the OST's relevance. Although the OST prohibits weapons of mass destruction in orbit and sovereignty claims, it does not forbid all military activity. The U.S. frames its military presence in space as a deterrence measure, aiming to prevent conflict by signaling readiness.